Fragmentarea și conectivitatea la nivelul peisajelor din ecoregiunea Munților Carpați - sinteză
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4316/bf.2021.015Cuvinte cheie:
fragmentare, conectivitate, ecoregiunea Munților Carpați, cost minim, metrici peisagisticeRezumat
Fragmentarea și conectivitatea utilizării terenurilor influențează interacțiunile dintre oameni, flora și fauna din cadrul peisajelor montane localizate în zone puternic antropizate, precum este cazul Europei. Munții Carpați reprezintă o ecoregiune extrem de sensibilă la schimbări, deoarece include atât zone dominate de oameni în care se desfășoară activități economice, cât și ecosisteme naturale cu valoare ridicată de conservare și biodiversitate bogată. Scopul lucrării de față a fost reprezentat de realizarea unei sinteze a literaturii științifice legate de fragmentarea și conectivitatea peisajelor montane carpatice. Din punct de vedere metodologic, au fost realizate interogări în baza de date internațională ISI Web of Knowledge, iar termenii de căutare utilizați au fost „Munții Carpați”, „fragmentare” și „conectivitate”. Rezultatele au relevat prezența unui număr de 70 de studii, majoritatea fiind destinate evaluării conectivității habitelor mamiferelor protejate prin intermediul metodei costului minim, teoriei grafurilor și metricilor peisagistice. Importanța rezultatelor constă în conturarea unei imagini de ansamblu asupra cele mai sensibile probleme de mediu cu care se confruntă zonele montane caracterizate de prezența unei biodiversități bogate, respectiv a evidențierii celor mai utile metode cantitative destinate modelării modificărilor la care sunt supuse ecosistemele montane, ca urmare a presiunii umane.
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