Insecte fitofage invazive în pădurile și parcurile din Ucraina

Autori

  • Valentyna Meshkova Institutul ucrainean de cercetare forestieră și ameliorarea pădurilor, str. Pushkinska 86, Harkov, 61024, Ucraina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4316/bf.2022.004

Cuvinte cheie:

defoliatori, insecte miniere, insecte sugătoare, Agrilus planipennis, Corythucha arcuata, Leptoglossus occidentalis

Rezumat

Scopul acestui studiu a fost de a prezenta date actuale privind distribuția și dezvoltarea unor insecte fitofage invazive de pe teritoriul Ucrainei.
Am luat în considerare 19 specii de insecte fitofage invazive, incluzînd 2 specii din ord. Coleoptera, 7 din Hemiptera, 7 din Lepidoptera, 2 Himenoptera și 1 Diptera. Hyphantria cunea a pătruns în Ucraina în urmă cu aproximativ 70 de ani și uneori a dezvoltat gradații în livezi sau în perdelele de protecție. Cameraria ohridella și Cydalima perspectalis reprezintă amenințări importante pentru Aesculus hippocastanum și, respectiv, Buxus sempervirens, mai ales în parcurile urbane. Parectopa robiniella, Macrosaccus robiniella, Nematus tibialis și Obolodiplosis robiniae nu au atras atenția cercetătorilor până de curând, deoarece nu au manifestat un impact vizibil asupra stării de sănătate a speciei Robinia pseudoacacia. Phyllonorycter issikii are o prezență rară în majoritatea părților Ucrainei. Phyllonorycter platani și Corythucha ciliata nu produc pagube importante, deoarece specia gazdă (Platanus sp.) este destul de rară în Ucraina. Trichoferus campestris a fost semnalat cu mult timp în urmă, dar nu a provocat efecte nedorite. Amenințarea reprezentată de insectele sugătoare (afidele și ploșnițe) crește datorită capacității lor de a fi vectori pentru agenți patogeni din arbori. Halyomorpha halys polifag poate reprezenta o amenințare pentru plantele forestiere, ornamentale și agricole. Leptoglossus occidentalis reprezintă un mare pericol pentru refacerea pădurilor de pin silvestru deoarece hrănirea sa contribuie la reducerea germinației semințelor. Corythucha arcuata se găsește numai în două regiuni, dar se deplasează spre nord și poate reprezenta o amenințare pentru arboretele de stejari. Agrilus planipennis s-a răspândit de-a lungul mai multor ani de la granița de est cu Rusia până în întreaga regiune Luhansk și parțial Harkov, colonizează Fraxinus excelsior și F. pennsylvanica și se poate deplasa spre vest.

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2022-07-29

Cum cităm

Meshkova, V. (2022). Insecte fitofage invazive în pădurile și parcurile din Ucraina. Bucovina Forestieră, 22(1), 29-40. https://doi.org/10.4316/bf.2022.004

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